Why British homeowners feel rate rises faster than anyone
Two-year gilt yields are climbing toward 5.5 per cent, their highest since 2008, and British homeowners are feeling it faster than borrowers almost anywhere else in the rich world.

Two-year gilt yields are climbing toward 5.5 per cent, their highest since 2008, and British homeowners are feeling it faster than borrowers almost anywhere else in the rich world.

The S&P 500 has risen twenty per cent from its October low, which by the market's arbitrary convention makes this a bull market.

The US Treasury is rebuilding its operating balance towards $600 billion, after running the Treasury General Account down to almost nothing to avoid breaching the debt ceiling.

Negotiators agreed on 27 May to suspend the debt ceiling, and Washington's political drama ended in its usual anticlimax.

Negotiators in Washington are edging towards a last-minute deal that would suspend the debt ceiling until 2025, and money markets are preparing for the hangover.

Janet Yellen told congressional leaders that the federal government could run out of cash "as early as 1 June", turning the debt-ceiling standoff into an immediate problem for the plumbing of the financial system.

The KBW Regional Banking Index (KRE) has fallen by more than 35 per cent since Silicon Valley Bank failed on 8 March.

The spread on one-year US sovereign credit default swaps (CDS) rose past 100 basis points in late April.

Millions of Americans filed their federal income tax returns by 18 April, and money market desks on Wall Street spent the day doing sums of their own.

China's economy grew at a respectable 4.5 per cent annual pace in the first quarter, lifted by a sharp rebound in retail spending, restaurants and domestic travel after the end of zero-Covid.

Treasury bills maturing in April and May yield about 4.0 per cent. Bills maturing in early June, right in the window when the government is expected to hit its "X-date" and run out of cash, yield well above 5.5 per cent.

March payrolls rose by a healthy 236,000, but the Federal Reserve's weekly H.8 release showed deposits still pouring out of small and mid-sized banks.

Eleven of America's largest banks deposited $30 billion of uninsured cash in First Republic Bank on 16 March, in a deal put together by JPMorgan Chase and Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen.

Assets in US money market funds (MMFs) rose past $5.1 trillion in March 2023, a record, after taking in more than $300 billion in a few weeks.


Emergency Fed lending to banks is approaching $300 billion, according to the central bank's H.4.1 release, and that has undone months of quantitative tightening in a matter of days.

Banks borrowed a record $152.9 billion from the Federal Reserve's discount window, according to the H.4.1 balance-sheet release published on Thursday, 16 March.


Depositors tried to pull $42 billion out of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB) in less than ten hours on Thursday, 9 March, more than a quarter of its deposits.

America's commercial banks are sitting on roughly $620 billion of unrealised losses on their securities portfolios, according to recent figures from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC).

A few weeks ago, anyone who suggested the Federal Reserve might take the federal funds rate toward 6.0 per cent would have been written off as a scaremonger.

The Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) now resets above 4.55 per cent, up from almost nothing a year ago, and private credit funds are paying their limited partners double-digit gross yields.

January's consumer prices rose at a 6.4 per cent annual pace, the Bureau of Labor Statistics said on Valentine's Day, and markets' eighteen-month infatuation with Federal Reserve rate cuts was once again shown to be one-sided.


Federal Reserve officials have spent the winter telling conferences that quantitative tightening (QT) is running at its full cap of $95 billion a month.

The yuan had a good Lunar New Year. Having flirted with 7.35 to the dollar in late October, the onshore and offshore rates rallied back toward 6.78, one of the fastest percentage recoveries on record.

America's largest commercial banks reported record headline profits for the fourth quarter, lifted by a big rise in net interest income (NII).

The Bank of Japan has been buying government bonds at a record pace, more than ¥5 trillion in a day, to defend its new yield ceiling, and it now holds more than half of the entire 10-year JGB market.

Two-year Bund swap spreads blew out towards 100 basis points at the height of the collateral squeeze in 2022, as traders paid steep premiums to borrow physical German government bonds.

The classic 60/40 portfolio lost about 17 per cent in 2022, a historic drawdown that left wealth managers and pension trustees with nowhere liquid to hide.

The gap between 10-year and 3-month US Treasury yields inverted in late 2022 to depths not seen in four decades, pushing the New York Federal Reserve's recession probability model towards 38 per cent.

Markets slow to a crawl in the last days of the trading year, and casual observers take that for calm.

US junk bond issuance struggled to pass $100 billion in 2022, the lowest annual total since the Lehman Brothers collapse in 2008.

The Bank of Japan unexpectedly widened the permitted trading band for 10-year Japanese government bonds from ±0.25 to ±0.50 per cent, and bond markets around the world shook.

The Federal Open Market Committee raised its policy rate to a range of 4.25 to 4.50 per cent in December and published projections showing a peak of 5.1 per cent in 2023.

The dollar has fallen from its September peak near 114.8 on the DXY index to around 105, after a historic rise through 2022 that neatly reflected diverging monetary policy and America's stronger terms of trade.

US credit card balances reached $930 billion in the third quarter of 2022, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of New York's latest household debt report, up fifteen per cent on a year earlier.

The gap between two-year and ten-year US Treasury yields reached minus seventy-five basis points in late November 2022, the deepest inversion since Paul Volcker was crushing inflation in the early 1980s.


The US Aggregate bond index is heading for a loss of close to 15 per cent this year, which would make 2022 the worst calendar year for bond investors since the founding of the republic.

Meta Platforms' shares fell by twenty-four per cent on 27 October, wiping out eighty-five billion dollars of market value, after management said capital spending in 2023 would rise to between $34 billion and $39 billion.

On 12 October Janet Yellen said the US Treasury was worried about a loss of adequate liquidity in the government bond market.

The rupee has fallen past 83 to the dollar for the first time, and India's households are about to buy a great deal of gold.

The benchmark ten-year US Treasury yield pushed through 4.25 per cent in late October 2022, its highest since 2008, and with it bond investors have started asking to be paid for waiting again.

The Bank of England said on 28 September that it would buy up to £65 billion of long-dated gilts to stop a collapse among UK pension funds, and it promised that the backstop would end at 5:00 PM on Friday, 14 October.

When Elon Musk signed a binding agreement in April to buy Twitter for $44 billion, Wall Street's biggest banks thought they had won the underwriting mandate of the year.

Japan's Ministry of Finance told the Bank of Japan to sell dollars and buy yen on 22 September, its first such intervention since 1998, and officials tried to draw a line near 145.90.

On Monday, 3 October, the chancellor dropped the planned abolition of the 45p top rate of income tax, a retreat forced by the market's punishing response to £45 billion of unfunded tax cuts.

The 30-year gilt yield shot above 5 per cent in late September and sterling fell towards 1.035 against the dollar after the government unveiled a fiscal package with no funding attached.

