Liberation Day: what to expect
At the end of 2024 the effective US tariff rate stood at about 2.4 per cent, a historic low that supported decades of largely free trade.

At the end of 2024 the effective US tariff rate stood at about 2.4 per cent, a historic low that supported decades of largely free trade.

Washington has imposed 25 per cent tariffs on imported cars and on key car parts and sub-assemblies, the outcome carmakers had dreaded most.

After weeks of stays and diplomatic manoeuvring, the 25 per cent tariffs on all imports from Canada and Mexico have taken full legal effect, along with a duty on Chinese goods that has been raised to 20 per cent.

The administration now formally classes foreign Value-Added Taxes (VAT) as discriminatory non-tariff barriers, and that classification underpins much of its new trade doctrine.

The White House has put a 25 per cent tariff on imported steel and aluminium and scrapped the exemptions that long covered friendly suppliers.

The US Dollar Index has stalled near 108, down from cyclical highs above 110, even as the administration's trade threats turn into actual decrees.

A threatened 25 per cent levy on all Canadian and Mexican imports was called off at the last moment after talks on border enforcement, while a 10 per cent baseline tariff on Chinese goods went ahead on schedule.

Donald Trump was inaugurated without the sweeping tariff orders that markets had spent weeks bracing for.

The White House has formally blocked Nippon Steel’s proposed $14.9 billion takeover of United States Steel, putting domestic industrial politics ahead of cross-border capital.

For most American finance chiefs, planning for 2025 comes down to one number they cannot hedge: the tariff rate.

The suspension of the US debt ceiling agreed in May 2023 ends on 1 January 2025.

Wall Street economists finishing their 2025 outlooks are spending most of their time on tariffs.


Donald Trump threatened on 25 November to put a twenty-five per cent tariff on all imports from Mexico and Canada on his first day in office, tying it to border enforcement and drug trafficking.

American companies are stockpiling. Purchasing managers expect heavy import tariffs soon after the inauguration in January, and corporate treasurers are trying to get ahead of them by bringing forward orders from Asia and Europe.

The US Dollar Index (DXY) has climbed back towards 107 since the election, and trade economists are asking an old textbook question.

Donald Trump has formally restated his plan for a sixty per cent tariff on all imports from China, a shock without modern parallel for US trade.

The ten-year Treasury yield jumped sixteen basis points to 4.44 per cent overnight as returns confirmed Donald Trump's clear victory and a Republican sweep of Congress.

Donald Trump’s agenda would add an estimated $7.5 trillion to the national debt over ten years, and Kamala Harris’s about $3.5 trillion.

Ten-year Treasury yields have climbed above 4.20 per cent as the US presidential election nears, and almost all of the rise comes from the term premium.

With big new tariffs at the centre of the political debate, research on the 2018–2019 trade war gives a clear answer on who pays for import duties.

Joe Biden withdrew from the presidential race on 21 July and endorsed Kamala Harris, adding fresh uncertainty to America's fiscal outlook.

Protectionists argue that taxing imports will close the trade deficit and bring American industry back to its former strength.

Donald Trump has proposed a universal baseline tariff of ten per cent on all imports and a sixty per cent levy on Chinese goods, and corporate finance departments are arguing over what it would cost them.


Joe Biden's performance in the 27 June presidential debate against Donald Trump moved markets as well as voters.

The European Commission has imposed provisional countervailing duties of up to 38.1 per cent on battery electric vehicles (EVs) imported from China.

Millions of Americans filed their federal income tax returns by 18 April, and money market desks on Wall Street spent the day doing sums of their own.
