The Lombard Review

Asia pays the most for Hormuz

Asia bears most crude exposure

The Dubai skyline from the sea
The Dubai skyline from the sea Photo: In Transit/Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0

Key dataAsia takes most Hormuz crude

While Western financial capitals debated the inflation optics of the Hormuz closure, the physical pain of the energy blockade fell with ruthless asymmetry upon Asian industrial economies. China, India, Japan, and South Korea absorb more than eighty per cent of total petroleum exports traversing the Strait of Hormuz, leaving them exposed to an existential energy crisis.

A gas platform in the North Sea
A gas platform in the North Sea Photo: Gary Bembridge/Wikimedia Commons · CC BY 2.0

Asia's Extreme Middle East Dependency

Unlike the United States, which enjoys domestic shale oil independence, Asian economies rely almost entirely on maritime crude imports to power their manufacturing grids and petrochemical hubs. Japan and South Korea import over eighty-five per cent of their domestic crude requirements directly from the Persian Gulf. Within weeks of the chokepoint closure, Asian refiners were forced to slash run rates, execute emergency inventory rationing, and scramble for scarce West African and Atlantic Basin spot cargoes at eye-watering premiums.

The Canary Wharf financial district, London
The Canary Wharf financial district, London Photo: M R Karim Reza/Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0

Terms-of-Trade Collapse Across Asia

The resulting economic damage is immediate and catastrophic for Asian currencies. Soaring dollar-denominated crude import bills have blown national trade deficits wide open, sending the Japanese yen, South Korean won, and Indian rupee into steep depreciations that compound imported inflation. Asia is bearing the crushing physical and financial burden of the Hormuz blockade, absorbing an unmitigated terms-of-trade collapse that threatens to push the continent's manufacturing powerhouses into deep industrial recessions.

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