The Lombard Review

The Fed

Economy

The Fed hikes, and its chair skips the dot plot

In a historic and unprecedented policy gathering on 18 September, the Federal Open Market Committee officially raised the benchmark federal funds rate by 25 basis points to 3.75–4.00 per cent.

Economy

The rate hike the Fed can't avoid

Special Report

Labor Day: Hiring is strong enough to worry the Fed

Economy

Blowout jobs, tighter Fed

Markets & Finance

Warsh speaks, bonds sell

Federal Reserve Chairman Kevin Warsh delivered his first major public address since taking office, speaking at an institutional monetary policy conference on 25 August.

Markets & Finance

The market bets on a Warsh hike

Economy

Three Fed officials want a hike

Economy

The Fed's hawks start to multiply

The Federal Open Market Committee concluded its June policy gathering by keeping the federal funds rate pinned at 3.50–3.75 per cent.

Economy

What does Warsh want?

With Jerome Powell’s term as Federal Reserve Chairman formally expiring in mid-May, global financial markets have turned their collective analytical firepower upon incoming Chairman Kevin Warsh.

Economy

Powell's final meeting

Economy

The Fed faces a war shock

Markets & Finance

The dollar's Warsh moment

The US Dollar Index staged an explosive, violent single-day rally following the formal nomination of Kevin Warsh as Federal Reserve Chairman, delivering what currency trading desks instantly dubbed 'the dollar's Warsh moment.'

Explainer

Who is Kevin Warsh?

The White House stunned financial markets on 30 January by officially nominating former Federal Reserve Governor Kevin Warsh to succeed Jerome Powell as Chairman of the Federal Reserve.

Economy

One speech that flipped the Fed odds

Financial markets underwent a violent, instantaneous recalibration in Federal Reserve policy expectations on 21 November, triggered entirely by a single, meticulously structured address delivered by New York Fed President John Williams.

Economy

The Fed stops shrinking its balance sheet

At its October policy meeting, the Federal Open Market Committee delivered a widely expected 25-basis-point interest rate cut, lowering the benchmark federal funds target to 3.75–4.00 per cent.

Economy

A shutdown would leave the Fed flying blind

Economy

The Fed cuts, cautiously

The Federal Open Market Committee officially initiated its monetary easing campaign, lowering the target federal funds rate by 25 basis points to a range of 4.00 to 4.25 per cent.

Economy

Trump's man joins the Fed

Stephen Miran, a vocal economic nationalist and former senior Treasury official, was formally confirmed by the Senate to fill a vacant seat on the Federal Reserve Board of Governors on 15 September.

Politics

Trump moves to fire a Fed governor

The White House ignited an unprecedented constitutional and financial crisis on 25 August by initiating legal proceedings to dismiss Federal Reserve Governor Lisa Cook prior to the statutory expiration of her term.

Economy

Powell opens the door to cuts

Economy

A divided Fed

The Federal Open Market Committee's June Summary of Economic Projections revealed an unprecedented, deeply fractured policy consensus.

Markets & Finance

The Fed quietly stops shrinking its bond pile

With minimal fanfare, the Federal Reserve executed a pivotal operational pivot in its quantitative tightening (QT) program.

Economy

The Fed sees slower growth and higher prices

The Federal Open Market Committee’s updated Summary of Economic Projections delivered a sobering reality check to market participants hoping for a smooth economic landing.

Special Report

Christmas: A lump of coal from the Fed

For financial markets hoping for an extended season of monetary goodwill, the Federal Reserve’s December policy package felt distinctly like a lump of coal in the stocking.

Economy

The Fed cuts, then takes back half of next year's cuts

The Federal Reserve concluded 2024 with a calculated monetary retreat.

Economy

The Fed is about to cut, and sound tough doing it

The Federal Reserve enters its December policy meeting trapped in an intricate communication dilemma.

Economy

How low will the Fed go?

The Federal Reserve delivered a measured 25-basis-point interest rate cut on 7 November, lowering the federal funds rate to 4.50–4.75 per cent.

Special Report

Halloween: The Fed cut, and yields went up

On Halloween, bond investors were confronted with a genuine fixed-income horror show.

Business

Banks' interest income bottoms out

Third-quarter earnings from America’s premier commercial banks revealed that the margin windfall from restrictive interest rates is finally decelerating.

Markets & Finance

The Fed cut rates. Why are mortgage rates rising?

In one of the most counterintuitive market moves of recent years, the Federal Reserve’s jumbo 50-basis-point interest rate cut was immediately followed by a sharp surge in long-term borrowing costs.

Economy

The Fed goes big

Jerome Powell chose institutional boldness over gradualism at the September FOMC meeting, delivering an oversized 50-basis-point interest rate cut that lowered the benchmark rate to 4.75–5.00 per cent.

Economy

The Fed now sees just one cut

The Federal Open Market Committee delivered a cold bath of realism to interest rate optimists at its June gathering.

Economy

How far can Europe cut before the Fed does?

The European Central Bank is preparing to cross a monetary Rubicon.

Economy

The Fed slows its balance-sheet shrinking

At its May policy meeting, the Federal Reserve delivered an important structural adjustment to its monetary plumbing by announcing a substantial taper of its quantitative tightening (QT) programme.

Markets & Finance

The market gives up on rate cuts

The sovereign bond market has executed a brutal capitulation.

Economy

Powell admits cuts will take longer

Jerome Powell completed a significant rhetorical retreat on 16 April, officially acknowledging what bond markets had been pricing for weeks: that persistent inflation will delay prospective interest rate cuts.

Economy

The Fed nudges its long-run rate higher

The Federal Open Market Committee held its policy rate steady at 5.25–5.50 per cent in March, but quantitative analysts focused intently on a subtle adjustment in the Summary of Economic Projections.

Markets & Finance

The Fed's banking lifeline expires

On 11 March, the Federal Reserve officially ceased issuing new loans under the Bank Term Funding Program (BTFP), terminating the emergency lending facility launched during the regional banking panic of 2023.

Markets & Finance

Banks borrow from the Fed to earn more from the Fed

In the quiet corners of central bank plumbing, a lucrative arbitrage trade has flourished.

Economy

The Fed's money drain is about to get real

The Federal Reserve’s quantitative tightening (QT) programme has operated quietly in the background, absorbing nearly $1 trillion in sovereign and mortgage debt without disrupting financial plumbing.

Special Report

New Year: Markets want six rate cuts. They'll be disappointed

Wall Street enters 2024 in a state of euphoric anticipation, with forward markets pricing in six quarter-point interest rate reductions beginning as early as March.

Economy

The Fed pivots

Jerome Powell completed his historic rhetorical pivot at the December FOMC meeting, handing financial markets an early holiday gift.

Economy

Can the Fed really cut six times?

Financial markets have fully embraced the fantasy of an immaculate macroeconomic landing.

Economy

A Fed hawk hints at cuts

When Christopher Waller speaks, monetary markets listen with rapt attention.

Economy

The Fed takes back half its rate cuts

The Federal Open Market Committee's September meeting delivered an unmistakable hawkish message wrapped in a neutral policy hold.

Economy

The stubborn inflation the Fed can't shake

For Federal Reserve officials scanning the inflationary horizon, the persistent stickiness of core services is becoming an analytical obsession.

Economy

What the Fed's forecasts really say

The Summary of Economic Projections released at the Federal Reserve’s June meeting was an exercise in quantitative defiance.

Economy

The Fed wants to pause without looking soft

Central banking is largely an exercise in rhetorical choreography, and the Federal Reserve’s impending June decision requires an unusually delicate routine.

Economy

Is this the Fed's last hike?

Economy

OPEC just made the Fed's job harder

On Sunday, 2 April, the OPEC+ alliance delivered an unexpected geopolitical thunderbolt across global commodity markets, announcing a surprise production cut of 1.16 million barrels per day.